Steamboats and railroads began linking Quincy to places west, making the city a frequent destination for immigrants. The 1850s and 1860s brought increased prosperity to Quincy. Also in 1838, Quincy sheltered the Pottawatomie tribe as they were forcibly relocated from Indiana to Kansas. Joseph Smith then led members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 40 miles (64 km) upstream to Nauvoo, Illinois, in hopes of finding a permanent home. Despite being vastly outnumbered by Mormon refugees, residents provided food and lodging for the displaced people. In 1837, following the signing of Missouri Executive Order 44, which is an extermination order, many members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints fled persecution in Missouri and found shelter in Quincy. Quincy incorporated as a city in 1840, with Ebenezer Moore elected as its first mayor. Rogers, Levi Wells, and Michael Mast elected as trustees. In June 1834, Quincy was incorporated, with Archibald Williams, Joseph T. In addition, they originally named the town square John Square until eventually changing it to Washington Square. In 1825, Bluffs renamed their community Quincy and became the seat of government for Adams County, both named after newly elected President John Quincy Adams. John Wood later founded Quincy, which at the time was coined Bluffs, Illinois. Peter Flinn, having acquired the land from veteran Mark McGowan for his military service in 1819, ended up selling 160 acres (0.65 km 2) of land acquisitions to Moravia, New York native John Wood for $60 (~$1,635 in 2022). After the American Revolutionary War a few decades later, the area became part of the Northwest Territory of the United States, and eventually the State of Illinois in 1818.ġ9th century 19th Century View of Quincy Courthouse By John SanftlebenĪfter the War of 1812, the American government granted military tracts to veterans as a means to help populate the West. The Mississippi River, acting as a superhighway for transporting goods downstream, became the area's most vital transportation asset.įollowing the events of the Seven Years' War, which ended in 1763, Great Britain took control of New France, and the area that is now Illinois became part of the Indian Reserve. Fur goods became a valuable commodity of the region, and European explorers and merchants alike were attracted to the prospects of the growing fur trade of the North American frontier. The French became the first European presence to colonize the region, after Louis Jolliet, Jacques Marquette, Jamison Knapp and the La Salle Expeditions explored the Upper Mississippi River Valley. Quincy's location along the Mississippi River has attracted settlers for centuries. History Early history Quincy in 1848 By Henry Lewis The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. During the 19th century, Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river. As of July 1, 2015, the Quincy Micro Area had an estimated population of 77,220. The 2020 census counted a population of 39,463 in the city itself, down from 40,633 in 2010. Quincy ( / ˈ k w ɪ n s i/ KWIN-see), known as Illinois's "Gem City", is a city in and the county seat of Adams County, Illinois, United States, located on the Mississippi River.
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